Ethnicity is an albatross, a cog in the wheel of unity and progress. This problem ought to be solved in order
for the Nigeria nation to join the comity of progressive nations as well as for the unity and peaceful coexistence of all
nationalities in Nigeria. This article therefore investigated ethnicity and ethnic relations in Nigeria and also highlighted the factors that promote co-operative behaviour among ethnic groups. Such factors are to be encouraged to promote better understanding so that unity can be fostered among the different groups. The paper argues that the greatest of all the problems which militate against the unity and peaceful coexistence of all nationalities in Nigeria as a nation is ethnicity. It examined the various roles ethnicity has played in undermining the unity and peaceful coexistence of all nationalities in Nigeria as well as the social, economic and philosophical basis of its existence. The paper also showed the application of Karl Popper’s political philosophy and its contribution to the resolution of the problem. Popper advocates individual responsibility as one of the ways for eliminating inter-ethnic rivalry, since it will be impossible to mobilize people along
ethnic lines of thought.

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